@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:wght@400;450;500;550;600;650;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap');
:root{
  color-scheme:dark;
  --background:#0b0d10;
  --text:#f3f4f6;
  --muted:#a6adb8;
  --accent:#79b2ff;
  --accent-hover:#a8cdff;
  --button:#2563eb;
  --button-hover:#1d4ed8;
  --line:#2a2f37;
  --wash:#14171c;
  --surface-raised:#1c2129;
  --surface-code:#0e1116;
  --accent-surface:#172a45;
  --mono:'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;
  --sans:'DM Sans',Arial,sans-serif;
}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:32px}body{margin:0;background:var(--background);color:var(--text);font:15px/1.65 var(--sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:var(--accent)}button,input{font:inherit}button,a,input{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}button{cursor:pointer}svg{display:block;max-width:100%}[hidden]{display:none!important}.shell{width:min(1200px,calc(100% - 112px));margin-inline:auto}.header{height:108px;display:flex;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);gap:40px}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;flex-shrink:0}.brand-logo{display:block;width:236px;height:48px;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;mix-blend-mode:lighten}.header nav{display:flex;gap:31px;margin-left:auto;font-size:13px;font-weight:550}.header nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:7px}.header-search{display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:center;font-size:12px;padding-left:30px;border-left:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted)}kbd{font:10px var(--mono);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 6px;border-radius:3px;margin-left:7px}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;gap:55px;align-items:center;padding-block:73px 65px}.eyebrow{font:10px/1.5 var(--mono);letter-spacing:1.7px;color:var(--accent);display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-weight:500}.status-dot{display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);flex-shrink:0}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(38px,4.3vw,59px);line-height:1.14;letter-spacing:-2.8px;font-weight:550;margin:24px 0 23px}em{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent)}.hero-copy>p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;line-height:1.85;max-width:455px;margin:0}.hero-actions{display:flex;gap:27px;align-items:center;margin-top:30px}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:30px;padding:13px 19px;background:var(--button);border:1px solid var(--button);color:white;border-radius:4px;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;transition:background .2s}.button:hover{background:var(--button-hover);color:white}.text-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:15px;font-size:12px;font-weight:550}.hero-footnote{font:8px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.85px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-top:36px}.tiny-line{height:1px;width:24px;background:var(--line)}.hero-visual{background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:7px;overflow:hidden;transform:rotate(-3deg);box-shadow:0 16px 35px -32px #000}.diagram-top,.diagram-bottom{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:15px 18px;font:8px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted)}.diagram-top{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.diagram-top span:first-child{display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center}.diagram-bottom{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.diagram-bottom span:last-child{font-size:16px}.cloud-diagram{width:100%;height:auto}.topic-strip{border-block:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--wash)}.topic-strip .shell{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding-block:17px;gap:25px}.topic-strip .shell>span{font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--muted)}.topic-strip a{font-size:11px;display:flex;gap:23px;align-items:center}.topic-strip a span{color:var(--muted)}.featured{padding-block:48px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:100px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);align-items:center}.featured h2{font-size:28px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.9px;font-weight:550;margin:14px 0}.featured p{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 18px;max-width:460px}.code-art{display:block;overflow:hidden;background:var(--surface-code);border-radius:6px;color:var(--text);box-shadow:0 14px 35px -28px #000;transform:rotate(.6deg)}.code-art:hover{color:var(--text)}.window-bar{padding:11px 17px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font:8px var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.window-bar span:first-child{letter-spacing:3px;color:var(--muted)}.code-art pre{padding:20px 25px 12px;font:11px/1.95 var(--mono);margin:0;overflow:auto}.code-comment{color:var(--muted)}.code-keyword{color:var(--accent)}.code-blue{color:var(--accent-hover)}.code-bottom{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:12px 17px;font:8px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.code-bottom>span:last-child{margin-left:auto;font-size:15px}.journal{padding-block:53px 75px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:29px}.section-heading h2{font-size:31px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-1.1px;margin:8px 0 0}.count{font:10px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);display:inline-flex;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:14px;padding:3px 7px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;letter-spacing:0}.journal-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 285px;gap:64px}.article-row{display:flex;align-items:start;gap:24px;padding-block:28px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-row:first-child{padding-top:6px}.row-number{font:10px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);padding-top:5px}.article-row>div{flex:1;min-width:0}.article-row .eyebrow{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:1.1px}.article-row h3{font-size:22px;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.55px;font-weight:550;margin:9px 0 9px}.article-row p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 14px;max-width:540px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.meta{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.row-arrow{font-size:22px;line-height:1;padding-top:31px;color:var(--accent)}.author-card{padding:25px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px}.avatar{width:50px;height:50px;position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font:17px Georgia,serif;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent-surface);color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:23px}.avatar .status-dot{position:absolute;bottom:1px;right:2px;border:2px solid var(--wash);width:10px;height:10px}.author-card .eyebrow{font-size:7px;letter-spacing:1px}.author-card h3{font-size:23px;letter-spacing:-.8px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.3;margin:12px 0}.author-card p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.85;margin-bottom:20px}.author-card .text-link{font-size:11px;gap:8px}.credentials{display:flex;gap:7px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:25px;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.credentials>*{font:7px var(--mono);padding:4px 6px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;color:var(--muted)}.topics-aside{margin-top:31px}.topics-aside>.eyebrow{font-size:8px;margin-bottom:13px}.topics-aside>a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 0;font-size:11px}.topics-aside>a span{font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.rss-box{display:block;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px;margin-top:25px;border-radius:4px}.rss-box>span{float:right;color:var(--accent)}.rss-box strong{font-size:12px;font-weight:500}.rss-box p{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin:6px 0 13px}.rss-box u{font-size:10px;text-underline-offset:4px}.footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:30px 35px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px}.footer .brand-logo{width:194px;height:42px}.footer p{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);margin:5px 0 0}.footer>div:nth-child(2){display:flex;gap:25px;font-size:11px}.footer>p{text-align:right;font-size:9px;line-height:1.9}.footer>p span{color:var(--muted)}.breadcrumb{display:block;font:10px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:35px}.archive,.about,.post{padding-block:50px 80px}.archive>.eyebrow,.about>.eyebrow{display:flex}.archive h1,.about h1{font-size:55px;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-2px;font-weight:500;margin:18px 0}.archive-intro{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:35px}.search-form{max-width:650px;margin-block:30px 20px}.search-form label{font:9px var(--mono);display:block;margin-bottom:8px;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}.search-form>div{display:flex;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--wash)}.search-form input{width:100%;border:0;background:transparent;padding:13px 15px;font-size:13px;color:var(--text)}.search-form button{background:var(--button);border:0;color:white;width:50px}.filter-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;padding-block:0 20px;margin-bottom:15px}.filter{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:30px;background:transparent;font-size:10px;padding:7px 13px;color:var(--muted)}.filter.active{background:var(--button);border-color:var(--button);color:white}.archive-list{max-width:900px}.archive-list .article-row{padding-block:27px}.about-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:70px;align-items:start;margin-top:45px}.about-panel{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--wash);padding:20px;border-radius:6px}.about-panel .credentials{justify-content:center;padding-bottom:10px}.about-panel .credentials>*{font-size:10px}.post-heading{max-width:900px;margin-bottom:48px}.post-tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px}.post-heading h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,52px);line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-1.8px;font-weight:550;margin:20px 0}.standfirst{font-size:17px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);max-width:800px}.post-byline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin-top:25px}.post-byline strong{font-size:11px;font-weight:550}.mini-avatar{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:31px;height:31px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent-surface);font:10px var(--mono);color:var(--accent)}.post-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,790px) minmax(160px,1fr);gap:65px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:40px}.prose{font-size:16px;line-height:1.9;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.prose h2,.prose h3,.prose h4{font-weight:550;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.6px;margin:35px 0 15px;scroll-margin-top:30px}.prose h2{font-size:27px}.prose h3{font-size:23px}.prose h4{font-size:20px}.prose p{margin:0 0 22px}.prose a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.prose img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;margin-block:20px}.prose figure{margin:25px 0;max-width:100%;overflow:auto}.prose figcaption{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.prose pre{max-width:100%;overflow:auto;padding:22px;background:var(--surface-code);color:var(--text);border-radius:5px;font:12px/1.8 var(--mono)}.prose code{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.85em}.prose :not(pre)>code{background:var(--surface-raised);padding:2px 5px;border-radius:3px}.prose blockquote{margin:25px 0;padding:15px 22px;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);background:var(--wash)}.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:12px;display:block;overflow:auto}.prose th,.prose td{padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;min-width:100px}.prose iframe{max-width:100%}.toc{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:30px;border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:22px}.toc .eyebrow{font-size:8px}.toc nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;margin-block:20px 30px;max-height:65vh;overflow:auto}.toc nav a{font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}.toc nav a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.post-end{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:25px;margin-top:45px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.related{margin-top:65px;max-width:790px}.related h2{font-size:28px;font-weight:500}.skip{position:fixed;top:-80px;left:15px;z-index:100;background:var(--button);color:white;padding:10px}.skip:focus{top:10px}::selection{background:var(--accent-surface)}
@media(min-width:1550px){.hero{padding-block:90px}.hero h1{font-size:63px}}@media(max-width:1050px){.shell{width:calc(100% - 64px)}.header{gap:25px}.header nav{gap:20px}.header-search{padding-left:20px}.header-search span,.header-search kbd{display:none}.hero{gap:25px}.hero h1{font-size:44px}.hero-footnote{font-size:7px;letter-spacing:0}.featured{gap:45px}.journal-columns{gap:35px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 250px}.author-card{padding:20px}.post-layout{gap:35px}.topic-strip .shell{gap:15px}.topic-strip a{gap:10px;font-size:10px}}@media(max-width:760px){.shell{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.header{height:auto;min-height:85px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:20px;padding-block:20px}.header .brand-logo{width:220px;height:46px}.header-search{margin-left:auto;padding:0;border:0}.header nav{order:3;width:100%;margin:0;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;font-size:12px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-block:42px;gap:35px}.hero h1{font-size:46px;letter-spacing:-2px}.hero-copy>p{font-size:14px}.hero-footnote{font-size:7px;letter-spacing:.3px}.hero-visual{max-width:510px;width:100%;transform:rotate(-2deg)}.hero-actions{gap:22px}.topic-strip .shell{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;gap:12px 22px;padding-block:15px}.topic-strip .shell>span{width:100%;font-size:8px}.topic-strip a{font-size:10px}.featured{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;padding-block:33px}.featured h2{font-size:27px}.code-art{transform:none}.journal{padding-block:35px 45px}.section-heading h2{font-size:29px}.section-heading>.text-link{font-size:10px;gap:8px}.journal-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px}.article-row{gap:14px;padding-block:24px}.article-row h3{font-size:20px}.article-row p{font-size:12px}.row-number{font-size:9px}.row-arrow{font-size:20px}.author-card{padding:25px}.author-card .eyebrow{font-size:8px}.author-card p{font-size:13px}.author-card .credentials>*{font-size:9px}.topics-aside>a{font-size:13px}.footer{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:20px}.footer>p{width:100%;text-align:left}.archive,.about,.post{padding-block:35px 50px}.archive h1,.about h1{font-size:41px}.archive-intro{font-size:14px}.post-heading h1{font-size:36px;letter-spacing:-1px}.standfirst{font-size:15px}.post-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-top:25px}.toc{display:none}.prose{font-size:15px}.post-byline .meta{width:100%;margin-left:45px}.about-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.filter-bar{gap:6px}.filter{font-size:9px;padding:7px 11px}.code-art pre{font-size:10px;padding-inline:18px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}

a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover)}
.button:hover{color:#fff;background:var(--button-hover)}
.code-art:hover{color:var(--text)}
.search-form>div:focus-within{border-color:var(--accent)}
.search-form input::placeholder{color:var(--muted);opacity:1}
.search-form input:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px}
.search-form button:hover,.filter.active:hover{background:var(--button-hover)}
.filter:hover{color:var(--text);border-color:var(--accent)}
.prose th{background:var(--surface-raised)}
.prose :not(pre)>code{color:var(--text)}
::selection{color:var(--text)}

/* Article screenshots open in a keyboard-accessible, full-window viewer. */
.article-image-trigger{display:block;max-width:100%;margin:20px 0;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:3px;background:transparent;color:inherit;text-align:inherit;cursor:zoom-in}
.prose .article-image-trigger img{margin:0;cursor:zoom-in}
.article-image-trigger:hover img{border-color:var(--accent)}
body.image-viewer-open{overflow:hidden;overscroll-behavior:none}
.image-viewer{width:calc(100vw - 48px);max-width:1600px;height:calc(100dvh - 48px);max-height:none;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;background:var(--wash);color:var(--text);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 24px 100px #0008}
.image-viewer[open]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.image-viewer::backdrop{background:rgb(0 0 0 / .86);backdrop-filter:blur(4px)}
.image-viewer-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-shrink:0;padding:10px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.image-viewer-title{margin-right:auto;min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;font:11px/1.5 var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}
.image-viewer-close,.image-viewer-zoom{flex-shrink:0;min-height:44px;padding:8px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;background:var(--surface-raised);color:var(--text);font-size:12px}
.image-viewer-close:hover,.image-viewer-zoom:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-hover)}
.image-viewer-stage{display:flex;flex:1;min-height:0;min-width:0;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:18px;overflow:auto;background:var(--background)}
.image-viewer-image{display:block;flex:none;width:auto;height:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:calc(100dvh - 180px);object-fit:contain;border-radius:3px}
.image-viewer.is-zoomed .image-viewer-stage{display:block}
.image-viewer.is-zoomed .image-viewer-image{max-width:none;max-height:none;margin:auto}
.image-viewer-caption{flex-shrink:0;max-height:5em;overflow:auto;margin:0;padding:10px 18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted)}
.image-viewer-caption:empty{display:none}
@media(max-width:760px){
  .image-viewer{width:calc(100vw - 16px);height:calc(100dvh - 16px);border-radius:6px}
  .image-viewer-toolbar{gap:8px;padding:8px}
  .image-viewer-title{font-size:10px}
  .image-viewer-close,.image-viewer-zoom{padding-inline:10px;font-size:11px}
  .image-viewer-stage{padding:8px}
  .image-viewer-image{max-height:calc(100dvh - 150px)}
  .image-viewer-caption{padding:8px 12px;font-size:11px}
}